As no one should ever rely on only on source / point of view or approach, I will now present the GLOBE Study. GLOBE stands for Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness. It sounds a lot more complicated but basically, it works just like Hofstede's dimensions of culture. An important distinction made in the GLOBE study is however, that it deals with cultural values and cultural practices. It's no big deal but still kind of important: whereas cultural values reflect what a culture wants to be or wants to do, cultural practices reveal what it is actually doing. Hofstede didn't think about that in his framework and therefore it is important to consider the GLOBE Study in addition to Hofstede. The GLOBE study defines the following dimensions:
1. Uncertainty avoidance (Does the society rely on norms in order to deal with uncertainty?),
2. power distance (are individuals equal when it comes to power and influence?),
3. institutional collectivism (is the organisation of a culture by the state group- or individual-centered?), 4. in-group collectivism (are individuals more self- or more group-oriented?),
5. gender egalitariasm,
6. assertiveness (how straightforward are individuals?),
7. future-orientation,
8. performance orientation (is excellence in performance rewarded?),
9. humane orientation (is altruism rewarded?).
Alltogether, the GLOBE Study can be understood as an extension / clarification of Hofstede's framework.
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